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What is the Nutritional Composition of the Marula Fruit?
Overview Composition of the Fruit
Content | Mg/100g | Function | References |
Protein | 12.48 | Promotes growth and repair of body cells in our immune system. Plays an important role in memory building and other bodily functions. | [2 , 3] |
Carbohydrates | 61.69 | Contributes to the body's energy needs and stimulates insulin resistance and inflammation. | [2 , 4] |
Fats | 9.68 | Provides energy to the body, repairs cells and regulates bloody pressure. | [2] |
Fibre | 4.25 | Reduces the risk of colon cancer, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular disease and constipation due to its ability of reducing glucose absorption into the body. | [5] |
Moisture | 85.84 | Helps to maintain body temperature. | [5 , 6 , 7] |
How About Its Vitamins and Minerals?
Vitamins | Mg/100g | Functions | References |
Vitamin B3 | 932.74 | Aids in the production and digestion of cholesterol in food . | [8] |
Vitamin E | 15 | Encourages Immune function, blood vessels formation and a strong antioxidant. | [8] |
Vitamin A | 1.17 | Boosts vision, reproduction, immune function, skin and bone health and normal growth. | [5] |
Carotene | 111.01 | Comes before Vitamin A as a vision function. | [8] |
Vitamin C | 172-400 | A strong antioxidant which aids in the formation of collagen. | [8] |
Marula could be a valuable source of minerals that provides desirable health benefits and the consumption of its fruit does not pose health risks because of its low toxic minerals as set by the Food and Agricultural organization (FAO)/World Health Orginazation (WHO) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Read below for a breakdown of the different minerals present in the marula fruit.
Minerals | Mg/100g | Functions | References |
Zn | 0.81-2.96 | Promotes hormone section and nervous system function. | [8 , 9] |
Copper | 1.07 | Promotes bone formation and iron metabolism. | [8 , 10 ] |
Calcium | 14.95-51.73 | Encourages muscle contraction function, blood vessels relaxation, formation of blood clotting, bone and teeth. | [9] |
Sodium | 2.64-14.88 | Regulates fluid, acid-base balance and blood pressure. | [11] |
Iron | 8.83 | Aids in the formation of red blood cells and immune function. | [10, 12] |
Magnesium | 24.53-168.07 | Regulates blood sugar, pressure and normal heart rhythm. | [13] |
Manganese | 6.60 | Aids in the breakdown of protein, carbohydrates and cholesterol and bone cartilage formation. | [14] |
Potassium | 44.54-133.41 | Helps in heart and nervous system function and muscle contraction. | [10 , 15] |
Marula Fruit Have Polyphenols too?
Polyphenols are a category of plant compounds that offers various health benefits. Regularly consuming polyphenols is thought to boost digestion and brain health, as well as protect against heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and even certain cancers. Polyphenols are also known to aid strongly in delayed ageing. Polyphenols’ presence in wild fruits such as marula have antioxidant, pro-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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References
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3. Chiesa, G.; Kiriakov, S.; Khalil, A. S. Protein Assembly Systems in Natural and Synthetic Biology. BMC Biol.2020, 18, 35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-0751-4.
4. Hillman, Z.; Mizrahi, Y.; Beit-Yannai, E. Evaluation of Valuable Nutrients in Selected Genotypes of Marula (Sclerocarya Birrea Sspcaffra). Sci. Hortic. 2008, 1174, 321–328. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.05.008.
5. Eromosele, I. C.; Eromosele, C. O.; Kuzhkuzha, D. M. Evaluation of Mineral Elements and Ascorbic Acid Contents in Fruits of Some Wild Plants. Plant Foods Human Nutri. 1991, 41(2), 151–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02194083.
6. Sibiya, N. P.; Kayitesi, E.; Moteetee, A. N. Proximate Analyses and Amino Acid Composition of Selected Wild Indigenous Fruits of Southern Africa. Plants. 2021, 10(4), 721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040721.
7. Sibiya, N. P.; Kayitesi, E.; Moteetee, A. Mineral Composition of Selected Southern African Fruits. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2020, 132, 87–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.04.014.
8. Food Drug Administration. Interactive Nutritional Facts Label. Vitamin and Minerals Chart. 2020. www.FDA.gov.nutritioneducation. (accessed Nov20, 2021).
9. Aganga, A. A.; Mosase, K. W. Tannin Content, Nutritive Value and Dry Matter Digestibility of Lonchocarpus Capassa, Zizyphus Mucronata, Sclerocarya Birrea, Kirkia Acuminata and Rhus Lancea Seeds. Anim Feed Sci. Technol. 2001, 91(1), 107–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00235-8.
10. Gous, F.; Weinert, I. A. G.; Van Wyk, P. J. Selection and Processing of Marula Fruit (Sclerocarya Birrea subspCaffra). Lebensm. - Wiss. u. Technol. 1988, 21, 259–266.
11. Muhammad, S.; Hassan, L. G.; Dangoggo, S. M.; Hassan, S. W.; Umar, R. A.; Umar, K. J. Nutritional and Antinutritional Composition of Sclerocarya Birrea Peels. Int. J. Sci. Basic Appl Res. 2015, 21(2), 3948.
12. Oyeleke, G. O.; Salam, M. A.; Aderoro, R. O. Some Aspects of Nutrients Analysis of Seed, Pulp and Oil of Baobab (Andasonia Digitata L.). J. Environ Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol. 2012, 1(4), 32–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-0143235.
13. Wairagu, N. W.; Kiptoo, J.; Githiomi, J. K. Nutritional Assessment of Sclerocarya Birrea (Amarula) Fruit from Kenya. Int. J. Curr Res. 2013, 5(5), 1074–1078.
14. Borochov-Neori, H.; Judeinstein, S.; Greenberg, A.; Fuhrman, B.; Attias, J.; Volkova, N.; Hayek, T.; Aviram, M. Phenolic Antioxidants and Antiatherogenic Effects of Marula (Sclerocarrya Birrea Subsp. Caffra) Fruit Juice in Healthy Humans. J. Agric. Food Chem.2008, 56(21), 9884–9891. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801467m.
15. Glew, R. S.; VanderJagt, D. J.; Huang, Y. S.; Chuang, L. T.; Bosse, R., and Glew, R. H. Nutritional Analysis of the Edible Pit of Sclerocarya Birrea in the Republic of Niger (daniya, Hausa). J. Food Compos. Anal. 17(1), 99–111 .doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-1575(03)00101-7 . 2004.
Disclaimer: this article has information derived from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10942912.2022.2064491#
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